Public Video Surveillance Essay -- Cameras Privacy Issues

Public Video surveillanceINTRODUCTION nows technology has changed the way we live. It has changed the way that we view the environment, act when aside in public, and the way we go ab pop out doing our daily task. Computers have greatly increased our capabilities to achieve our goals much faster. Human interaction between mint has decreased because of this technology. The changes occur daily with an endless stream of new ideas and slipway of doing things. There seems to be no end in site. This technology is as well as changing our moral and ethical values along with the way we call them.The burden of proof has a new meaning because of surveillance cameras. or so of us will agree that surveillance cameras are a upright idea. These cameras provide a deterrent against crime, and provides public buildings and other areas a since of security. virtue enforcement use surveillance cameras to track and catch criminals, as proof in courts, and as protection for themselves and the public. Surveillance cameras can besides be use for educational purposes. X-ray cameras have the ability of detecting weapons in baggages at our airports and other public buildings. They now have cameras mounted on realize of s sort out high spiritss to detect red faint runners with shipway of sending the red light violators their tickets by mail. There must be an endless list of shipway that cameras can be use. We even have satellites in outer quad with cameras that help us to spy on other countries. most(prenominal) of us will agree that the technology of camera surveillance is important and compulsory to improve for the most part our lifestyles. victor ISSUES FOR SURVEILLANCEPROTECTION OF mess AND PROPERTY, which includes the general public and law enforcement. This type of surv... ...nce cameras affects everyone. It is for the common dear(p) of everyone that we cover up its use. It has given our nation a sense of security that we have bugger off a custom to because it has improved our justice system. REFERENCES CODE OF ETHICS AND professed(prenominal) CONDUCT RADIO-TELEVISION NEWS DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION. Ethics. 21.2 (2002). 14 September 2000. http//www.rtnda.org/ethics/coe.html DIGEST OF fairness REFORM COMMISSION REFERENCES. 90. Surveillance. 21.2 (2002). Surveillance an interim report, 6 December 2001. http//www.agd.nsw.gov.au/lrc.nsf/pages/r98chp03/Leahy, Patrick. scientific American. 28.2 (2002), 29 September 2002. http//www.library.ca.gov/CRB/97/05/CRB97-005.htmlNieto, Marcus. Public Video Surveillance Is It An in force(p) Crime Prevention Tool? California Research. Bureau. June 1997. http//www.globalprivacysummit.net/Pages/sessions.html Public Video Surveillance Essay -- Cameras Privacy IssuesPublic Video SurveillanceINTRODUCTION like a shots technology has changed the way we live. It has changed the way that we view the environment, act when out in public, and the way we go about doing our daily task. Computers have greatly increased our capabilities to achieve our goals much faster. Human interaction between state has decreased because of this technology. The changes continue daily with an endless stream of new ideas and ways of doing things. There seems to be no end in site. This technology is also changing our moral and ethical values along with the way we give them.The burden of proof has a new meaning because of surveillance cameras. Most of us will agree that surveillance cameras are a good idea. These cameras provide a deterrent against crime, and provides public buildings and other areas a since of security. constabulary enforcement use surveillance cameras to track and catch criminals, as proof in courts, and as protection for themselves and the public. Surveillance cameras can also be used for educational purposes. X-ray cameras have the ability of detecting weapons in baggages at our airports and other public buildings. They now have cameras mounted on top of stoplights to detect red light runners with ways of sending the red light violators their tickets by mail. There must be an endless list of ways that cameras can be used. We even have satellites in outer space with cameras that help us to spy on other countries. Most of us will agree that the technology of camera surveillance is important and call for to improve for the most part our lifestyles.PROFESSIONAL ISSUES FOR SURVEILLANCEPROTECTION OF large number AND PROPERTY, which includes the general public and law enforcement. This type of surv... ...nce cameras affects everyone. It is for the common good of everyone that we continue its use. It has given our nation a sense of security that we have locomote a custom to because it has improved our justice system. REFERENCES CODE OF ETHICS AND PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT RADIO-TELEVISION NEWS DIRECTORS ASSOCIATION. Ethics. 21.2 (2002). 14 September 2000. http//www.rtnda.org/ethics/coe.html DIGEST OF uprightness REFORM COMMISSION RE FERENCES. 90. Surveillance. 21.2 (2002). Surveillance an interim report, 6 December 2001. http//www.agd.nsw.gov.au/lrc.nsf/pages/r98chp03/Leahy, Patrick. scientific American. 28.2 (2002), 29 September 2002. http//www.library.ca.gov/CRB/97/05/CRB97-005.htmlNieto, Marcus. Public Video Surveillance Is It An efficacious Crime Prevention Tool? California Research. Bureau. June 1997. http//www.globalprivacysummit.net/Pages/sessions.html

Criminal Thinking Patterns Essay

Loyalty support be defined by anyvirtuoso but theres solely one definition of lealty. Googles definition of hardcorety is the spirit of being loyal to someone or something. The second definition for loyalty is a strong flavour of relief or allegiance fights with in-laws cause divided loyalties. My definition of loyalty relates to the first off definition however, it consists of more than just that. Loyalty means respect and competence pertaining to a certain degree of trust and allegiance to an government or personal lifestyles one readiness be involved in.Emotions and stereotypical thoughts pee a major role in the play called loyalty. Loyalty and emotions draw similarities just because of the fact an item-by-item has to have some form of feeling towards a person or they will neer be competent to be loyal. What is the meaning of being loyal? Loyalty is defined by the person giving the meaning of its definition. Google definition of loyalty is true to a certain extent, but there is still something missing. The quality of being loyal should exist in everyone.Everyone or a particular breed has the quality of being loyal. Definitions seem to captivate everyones minds into believing the term or definition is true just because it has a reliable source. Sources are doubtless opinions from scholars opinions arouse from persons experience to inform people nearly such terms. If the term loyalty is true as it is supposed to be it might as well be self-explanatory. Loyalty is a word that consists of trust, faith, allegiance, and love.Without those four terms loyalty doesnt exists. The quality of being loyal all depends on the people that may think of these terms. Imagine dickens couples that have undeniable trust for each other with stipulations which are to be loyal forever, one runs off to meet another individual she might have attractions for, the other retainer finds out about it so the partner feels like she is not being loyal. The reason for that is because he feels like she is only upposed to be attracted to him, but she feels differently because she feels that she hasnt cheated on him.These are two couples with two different definitions pertaining to loyalty. Emotions and stereotypical thought has everything to do with loyalty. Emotions set in an individual trust and fear which are needed so one can attain the ability to be loyal. Without trust for an individual, people will never be able to give their complete trust and loyalty peculiarly when the individual wants the same respect.Stereotypical thoughts pertaining to the term loyalty will give an individual a lesser understanding of the term loyalty in the main because stereotypical people tend to have their own opinions about everything which isnt wrong but it justifies the statement. Everyone has their own definition of loyalty. Furthermore, what is the meaning of loyalty which is one of the questions everyone tends to asked themselves? Loyalties are moreover someth ing genuine and sacred people or an organization tends to have. Loyalty consists of trust, love, and respect. Everyone has the ability to be loyal as long as it has true meaning.

Contemporary issues on mobility and work spaces

Oxford cyclopedia of Economic History. Retrieved 24 February 2011 . as well Jump up A A Legal Bridge Spanning 100 Years From the Gold Mines of El Dorado to the Golden Startups of atomic number 14 Valley By Gregory Grooms, 2010. Assignment 1, mobility Threaten Darkish First let me explain how this essays goes which I tough it would look and sound transgress if the rendering and samples come first and then after that and also in surrounded by I refer them to interior design and our roles and apply as one.Ill lead astray with the definition of the word mobility to get to know this term and see its deflexion from the other use of mobility as in the new technology and supple APS for workplaces. Therefore Mobility indicates a workers superpower to physically move around freely in he workplace to accomplish work. Mobility for work mountain be assisted with items a great deal(prenominal) as a wheel chair, crutches, stinker buoyes, a desk estimable the door, a scooter to ride between distant buildings, and a wench bus.Mobility also refers to a workers ability to take advantage of various duty opportunities ( I will write to a greater extent on this exsert below), including the ability to relocate, move to a superior Job position, commute a finicky distance to work daily, or change positions due to family and civic responsibilities. nigh impediments to the mobility of labor party imply personal hindrances such as geographical fixing and ability to move, physical and mental ability, and prior Job experiences. Social/ jural hindrances to mobility include a lack of educational opportunities, family responsibilities, and various laws.A frequent use of the word, mobility, occurs when organizations use the term to define the upward mobility of employees. An employee with upward mobility has the appropriate incorporate of needed qualities and characteristics including experience, knowledge, skills, education, cultural fit, and availability. An employee with upward mobility potential is ready for promotional opportunities*. flat at this point I going to write further to a greater extent about the mobility of employees and various Job opportunities to see what that points to exactly and how that is tie in to mobility.Employee mobility is an issue that has taken on a whole new meaning as more and more businesses have gone global. Employees today are ordinarily asked to take assignments in smart set locations outside their home country. These kinds of opportunities are seen as Contemporary Issues in Interior Architecture- Fall 2014 2 benefits by galore(postnominal) employees who enjoy experiencing new cultures and the multi- cultural exposure. Managing employee mobility is important though, because without the right training and planning, employees pathetic to foreign countries will not be prepared to take the challenges such moves present.Your company does not want to find itself faced with loss of productivity, or worse, loss of its best managers because of lack of planning. Being prepared to address the issues related to employee mobility should be included in the companys strategic planning. Quality of living in this matter keister be an issue if a company frequently transfer employees within the country or outside the country. Either focusing there are concerns which should be addressed in these compensation and benefits packages.For example, in the US, a manager transferred from a small town in Texas to a large northeastern city will be faced with galore(postnominal) of the same issues as an employee transferred from the US to Canada and that is a very simple and the most(prenominal) easiest transfer in contrast with moving to India or china, a completely different culture. These concerns or issues include cultural and compensation differences. These differences become more pronounced when the company re-assigns employees from a developed country to a trine world country.But it is really a matter of degree. Making sure that the module are well prepared for these types of moves will insure the transition is brush up and they remain productive. After all the reason managers are transferred is in fix to better utilize their talents and skills within the company**. Here I can say our role as an interior designers may befriend with these issues precisely with prior researching, planning, somehow rearranging their working spaces blush from their own country to their destinations.So that they can familiarize themselves and got to know those areas better prior going there to halt them arm proof and repaper Just in case. Many transfers involve more than the staff also. The managers and workers in general have families who are as much a part of the move as the company employees. Its important for the company to recognize the needs of the employees family also. Unless the staff feel as if their family will also benefit from the transfer without Jeopardizing their safety or welfare, company transfers will meet a lot of resistance.In these cases also our role as interior designers can come to great use by even designing and devising their homes look like the one in future after move, better said aka and redesign them as person by hurt so they would not feel alienated. Now here are some instances of companies and how they help these employees related with this mobility matter. For instance the Whichever Workforce Mobility*** helps clients optimize their mobile workforce by delivering sophisticated solutions that make it faster, easier and more cost efficacious to deploy keystone talent and transfer critical skills anywhere in the world.Our expertise in Contemporary Issues in Interior Architecture- Fall 2014 3 relocation and assignment management ensures that our clients mobility schedules advance their business and workforce strategies. They deliver sustained node value through unique service and engagement initiatives, including Trusted fellow Next Practices Fans Balanced Scorecard Here again we as designers can be creative about those mentioned above. Even by being faster, easier and more cost nucleusive.By faster that can be as helping deploy critical talent at the speed of business by need them through Just by one look but by a great look. Because opportunity wont wait. By easier that can be as to Just open communication, transparency, mutual trust and boundless innovation. And by ore-cost effective that can be vast global resources and in-house expertise to control our clients program costs which we can be ahead of it by being innovative or creative in these fields to somehow more scotch but more fashionable.Also there is other term as labor mobility, which Labor mobility or worker mobility is the geographical and occupational movement of workers. player mobility is best gauged by the lack of impediments to such mobility. Impediments to mobility are easily shared out into two distinct classes with one being personal and the other being systemic. Personal impediments include physical location, and physical and mental ability. The systemic impediments include educational opportunities as well as various laws and political contrivances and even barriers and hurdles arising from historical happenstance.Increasing and maintaining a high level of labor mobility allows a more efficient allocation of resources. Labor mobility has proven to be a forceful driver of innovations. There I also another foreign Labor Mobility. Which International labor mobility is the movement of workers between countries. It is an example of an internationalist factor movement. The movement of laborers is based on a difference in resources between countries. According to economists, Over time the migration of labor should have an equalizing effect on wages, with workers in the same industries garnering the same wage.

Community Health Nursing Essay

The implementation of a program which makes wellness deal entrywayible is a goal of any society. In line with this goal, the establishment of confederacy wellness nursing was formed. This countenanced better opportunities for people to acquire the right health care assistance for each of their concerns. There were some factors that may be attributed in the formation of a health nursing. These influenced the creation of the program which intended to provide resolutions for problems that arrive long been encountered. The first source of influence may be justified even before the 19th century Europe.In the past, family members who were ramble were just attended by female members of the family and were not able to access full health care from a professional or a specialist (Allender, 2004). One of the spectacular problems which were encountered by societies was the minimal opportunity for indifferent people to go to a medical specialist. Almost always the case, notwithstanding those who have the economic capability were able to avail these types of table run. Add to that the apparently underdeveloped infra social systems back then.This paved the way for an idea to bring at least satellite health care units in small communities to service the normal public. One more attribute which lead to the development of biotic community health care understructure be pointed out to apparitional charities. The monks in Florence, Italy had committed a historical health care service for those who encountered accidents. They even provided first aid solutions for people who needed their help even on a 24 hour basis. As a matter of fact, these religious figures even provided the necessary health care for various pilgrims to some of the considered saintly lands based on religious beliefs.During the medieval times, there have in any case been great developments in community based health services. There was a time when a law catering to the myopic of England was pass ed in 1601. This persist designated the instructions for health specialists to render their services to the poor who did not have any means of availing health care. Since the governing sector is centralized in the royal institution, it was really easy to disseminate the services to identifiable poor communities in the country.Another historic event took place in France when the social Visitor Volunteers was formed. In 17th century France, there was a great deal in re-establishing the economy. This prompted the organization to render public health services by sending the service directly to the dental plates of the poor and disabled. The main championship process of the organization was initiated by wealthy women individuals of the society who cared for the welfare of the general public. The community health nursing was definitely a very rock-steady flak in caring for the needy and unfortunate.However, by the time the industrial Revolution hit Europe and America, the group of t hese community based health units were greatly reduced. This paved the way for what the present health care structure societies have at present. Hospitals and health centers were established even in bigger units and strong near urban areas. This was in direct contrast to the former approach of delegating specific health units among communities. Even though the extent of community health nursing is already reduced, newer counterparts in modern society forthwith still has the same principle.Home nursing can be availed today via appointments with doctors and nurses. There are also some programs among todays hospitals which can provide an extended health care service at home based on agreements. Moreover, the establishment of home care nursing centers provides at least a refuge for patients outside of hospitals. The modern day health professionals are partnering directly with individuals who want to improve their communities in promoting optimum health care (Richmond Health, 2001).

Children’s Overuse of Technology

Childrens hold of engine room most affects a soulfulnesss cognitive training by eliminating the sentence that clawren eat up for sepa vomituse activities wish well proper sleep, a basketball feeble in the park, or just a face to face blurt with a assembly of friends. Technology is non a proper substitute for a lean ground, parks or a chat with friends where a kid terminate align un special opportunities to learn valu adapted entropy close how they competent in the real world. A small frys cognitive victimisation is non harmed directly by applied science so a great deal as it is harmed indirectly by abstaining from physical activities, failing to get proper sleep, or non interacting with peers.A topic by the Kaiser foundation illust behindes the enormous time children spend multi tasking each day through engine room, Todays young pack a total of 10 hours and 45 minutes worthy of media content into those daily 7 1/2 hours an increase of nigh 2 1/4 hours of media exposure per day over the historic five historic period (Henry J. Kaiser Foundation 2010, p. 1). It is not to suggest that technology numbers no role in increasing a childs cognitive schooling it is to suggest that there is a widening gap amid the time a child moderates themselves with technology and the moments that he or she portion out to alternatives activities.The eudaemonias children receive from non technology found activities atomic number 18 found in galore(postnominal) research studies on cognitive knowledge for ex international group Aerele, a hold by preeminent sleep theorist Dr. Sadeh showed that the cognitive abilities of elementary school children deprive of just one hours night sleep would be reduced by two years the following morning (Sadeh, Gruber & Ravi 2003, p. 444 -445). Children understructurenot be active in interactive fetch with their peers, sleep or physical get along which are so critical to their development, due to an ove ruse of isolating scientific activities such as electric cell phones, television receiver and goggle box lames.Children who spend in ex spayable manner much time with technology find themselves isolated from their peers. Leading theorists like Jean Piaget understood the importance of peer interaction as a research tool that provides children with unlimited opportunities to evaluate new(prenominal) peoples c formerlypt of how to deal with situations that happen in the world. According to Piaget, children gained knowledge about the world through their interaction with others and incorporated that information into cognitive structures (Piaget 1962, p. 257).Piaget dictum unscripted prank as a course for children to gain spick-and- bilk affable skills by assimilating a peers bleak ideas and changing their understanding of the world to accommodate them. Children exposed to peer play gain the skill set which will chuck up the sponge them to progress past from an egocentric v iew point in which they are the center of the man to a more abstract vision of the world that encompasses the morals inescapably of society. A child that has gained understanding of this is said to gain the social, turned on(p), and cognitive skills and behaviors that they requirement in tack to be successful people in the world.Piaget would find educational value in any technology that allows children the luck to freely experiment with their understanding of the world. From the preoperational through the operational arc distri moreoveror point, children receive educational experiences purge from basic technology like karaoke machines or cell phones that provide them the opportunity to test their language skills through experimentation. A child in the preoperational stage will use the karaoke machine in symbolic play to produce to be a rock star.The operational stage children that are nevertheless along on their cognitive development might use a cell phone share ideas on w hat it is like to be in a rock group. However, the most promising use of technology to Piaget would be software system that appears to emulate his possibleness of assimilation and accommodation. Indeed, Piaget believed that children learned best when a constant flow of information was acquired from others that either reinforced or challenged their recognition of themselves in the world.An example of technology that might provide this is the game SimCity, which was marketed as providing people with the opportunity to test their knowledge of cities while learning to cast one of their own. However, eventually Piaget would find games like this to be too restrictive in their opportunities for players to decide whether to change their self-constructs of city- smell based on the limited real life scenarios in the game.The child is presented with or consumed into attainable actions by the software program and made to believe there are no limitations to the options one burn down tak e however, software actions are genuinely narrow and circumscribed, and what is even more important for the child it is defined by the game developer and the manufacturer instead of by the child (Provenzo, 1991, 1994). According to Piaget (1972), play can provide many opportunities for children to actively learn in a manner that is more intuitive than a direct instruction lesson.Piagets philosophy about play is validated by the following research. A study on rats that played rough with each other had a higher degree of neurotropic factor transcripts created in their learning abilitys cortexes than a rat raised in isolation (Gordon, Burke, Watson &Panskepp 2003, p. 17-20). Research by rhombus et al. (1966) on the knob of a rats cortex showed that when a rat was allowed to freely assimilate and accommodate within an enriched environment (Krech, Rosenzweig& Bennett, 1960, p. 09-513) its cortex was affected profoundly as compared to other rats cortexes that were raised in non -enriched environments (p. 117-125).The research was designed to compare the thickening in the cortex of some(prenominal) rats brains raised in three different environments one raised in isolation, three rats in a cage that emulated their natural environment, and three that were fixed in the enriched environment. An enriched environment is defined as a cage that has equal room to accommodate the rats and toys that are added at specific intervals during their stay (Krech et al. 960, p. 509- 513). The rats were fit(p) in the environment from 4 days to 80 days, and afterwards the cortexes were outback(a) for comparison (Diamond et al. 1966, p. 117-125).A second set of experiments were designed to isolate factors like age or stress, which were constantly changing to reach the maximum thickening of the cortex. Data comparisons between the cortexes of the rats raised in the impoverished environments and the lone rat were measured, but not compared however, further experimentation, in this maybe warranted in army to show the raise of peer play.In more play say study, it was seen that rats that had played rough with each other had brains with a higher degree of neurotropic factors created in the brains cortex than a rat raised in isolation (Beatty, Dodge, Dodge, White & Panskepp 1982, p. 417-422). Another study of rats in social isolation showed an even more dramatic need for interactive play when a rat failed to respond with the proper defense mechanism when dealing with a dominant male rat.The study showed that rats that played with peers were successful in assimilating into society by using the tools they learned from peer interaction, much like Lev Vygotskys studies showed children did as well (Foroud & Pellis 2003, p. 35-43). Unlike Piaget, Vygotsky believed that a childs learning process or cognitive development was not based on a solitary exploration of the world, but the influences of the childs culture, environment or knowledgeable bountifuls. Vygotskys studies were based on the significant repairment that children achieved on tests when they worked with an fully grown as compared to working alone.The test results for children working independently rarely reached the level of a child that had been taught by an bounteous. In the process of this adult guided development, the child not only matures, but is rearmed. It is this rearming that accounts for a great deal of development and change we can that accounts for a great deal of the development and change we can observe as we follow the transition from child to civilized adult (Luria & Vygotsky, 1992, p. 110). The times children meet with a knowledgeable peer or adult to learn a great deal of understanding is gained by the child.The growth of the child that works with an adult can be spy throughout their lives till they reach adulthood. Vygotsky would find potential in right aways technology and hope for the software technology of tomorrow that he would perceive as supporting his theory of the Zone of Proximal Distance. His theory states the distance between the actual developmental level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem solving under adult guidance, or in collaboration with more open(a) peers is greater (Vygotsky 1978, p. 6).The technology that was capable of teaching critical thinking, analysis and problem solving skills by get together them together to learn about any subject matter. Present technology does not have the natural language skills necessary to be able to respond to a childs unlimited heads however, games can guide a childs thought process by the architects implementation of scaffolding techniques into the program. For instance, some games like Oregon cross are appropriate educational opportunities for learning in the classroom.The game is a form of electronic data processor mediated instruction that uses information inserted into the pro gram (scaffolding techniques) to benefactor students complete the tasks that are important to perform an activity however, it is limited in value since it does not allow children to interact with a knowledgeable adult or peer. Games that allow multiple players to work towards a common endeavor are available online and could be use to teach children in the way Vygotsky envisioned. Games like The Penguin Club or Halo are designed to allow children to work together towards a common goal however, they are created to entertain and not to teach.Video games must be designed to capture a childs interest and be tested to show how they improve a childs education, or they will remain some other example of a technology whose use is restricted solely to family line entertainment. Other examples of technology that children use for household entertainment are expound in the following study including which technologies are preferred by some(prenominal) sexes and which are preferred by a speci fic sex.Children are further more seeming to use technology for entertainment purposes to download music, chat on the social engagement, email friends or lay video games than do research on a topic of interest than for education (Subrahmanyam, Greenfield, Kraut & Gross 2001, p. 7-30). The study shows boys and girls are likely to use the same technology for the same hours in school. However, after school hours boys were far more likely to play video games than girls. On the contrary, girls were far more likely to use their cell phones to text friends or communicate on the social network than their male counterparts. Both girls and boys still watched television more than any other technology.The study focused primarily on the type of technology a child used to entertain him or her self however, the study did not delve into the effects technology use had on a child. confess money has been expanded for research to investigate new social concerns about technology ranging from the possibilities of brain tumors brought about by excessive use of cell phones, desensitizing affects of fantastic video games on children towards real violence, and attention span problems caused by television and video games.A recent research study on the effects of children playing violent video games and their desensitizing effect on a childs view of real life has challenged long held tenets of parents and researchers alike. Bowen and Spaniol (2011) designed a study to compare the emotional input state and long term memory of individuals that played violent video game as compared to those that did not. The players viewed 150 photos of scenes that were designed to get a positive, negative, or natural response from the individuals.One hour later the people were asked once again to observe the scenes and this time 150 additional photos were added. The researcher then(prenominal) asked the individuals if they thence had seen the photos previously and the results were recorded. Afte rwards, the students were given a self-assessment test that asked them questions about their emotional state. Researchers predicted the results would show that the participants that played violent video games would remember less of the photos and have a overthrow level of emotional arousal.The study showed that the results were in respect of the null hypothesis and that there was no significant difference in the long term memory or emotional state of the participant that played video games and the individuals that did not. This study questioned earlier held opinions that violent video indeed caused children to be less sensitive to real life violence. Research by Carnagey, Anderson and Bushman (2007) evaluated the physiological response of individuals that watched a ten minute video display real-life violence after playing their choice of a violent game or non-violent game for twenty minutes.The individuals that played the violent video game were predicted to have a lowerheart bea t and galvanic skin response than the non violent video game watchers. The violent video players did show a lower heart rate and galvanic than the non-violent game players and were considered to be desensitized to violence (p. 489-496). The contradictory results help illustrate how little is known to whether video game technology as any direct untoward on the cognitive development of children that the concerns of society have suggested.Furthermore, studies on the effect of radio waves on voiceless long term users of cell phones suggest different conclusions leading to question about its adverse affects on children as well. One study which evaluated brain tumor risk in relation to long term wandering use showed no increase in cancer in individuals that used cellphones excessively over the last ten years (Cardis 2010, p. 14).Another study showed that the brain glucose metabolism rates were significantly higher when using a cell phone causing concern that there may be negative effect s from radio signals delivered to the brain (Volkow et al. 001, p. 808-813). It appears that additional research on technology is required, as was expended on television earlier in order to get a clearer picture of its effect on children.Television see time at a mean age of 14 years was associated with elevated risk for attention difficulties, frequent failure to complete planning assignments, frequent boredom at school, failure to complete high school, light grades, negative attitudes about school (i. e. hates school) overall academic failure in secondary school, and failure to obtain post-secondary (eg, college, university, training school) education (Johnson et al. 2007, 481). The Research by Zimmerman and Christakis (2007) showed that six and seven year old children, who had watched an average of three hours of television a day as three year olds, had lower cognitive achievement scores on the Peabody Individual Achievement test for read recognition and reading comprehension (473-479).Less sedentary activities that children do when not playing video games show a much clearer picture of the benefit they provided to a childs cognitive development than any adverse effect technology does. Children who rode bicycles, played basketball or performed other aerophilic activities at least three times a week for cardinal minutes and spent an equal amount of time on muscle and bone strengthening workouts three times a week or more had significantly better grades than the children who did not (Coe, Pivarnik, Woomack, Reeves &Malina 2006, p. 515-1519).In conclusion, software technology as advanced as it may seem is not robust enough to support the theories of Piaget or Vygotsky. Advances in Artificial wisdom for natural language would be required to make either Piaget or Vygotsky theories close to a real life learning experience. A computer game would need to be able to understand the thoughts voiced by a child and be able to respond to them fluently to resus citate a real life experience. That software for video games is far from universe developed.A childs ability to learn from a computer as if it was a teacher is limited by how well the software developer provides guidance within the program to complete each task. A child will never get the freedom to explore and change his or her constructs in the world of technology as he or she can in the real world. In this day of modern technology and the information highway, it may seem ironic that the best thing a child can do to develop his or her cognitive development is to turn the television, video game or cell phone off and go for a bike ride.

Is a Discovery an Invention or Is an Invention a Discovery

Is a stripping an invention or Is an Invention a discovery? This Is peerless question that can probably never be answered. A discovery can be be as something which already existed, and is excavated after bingle nonices it or proves its existence . Invention is the creation of something which didnt exist before it was created by a genius mind . For instance, Newton discovered the existence of temperance when an apple fell on his head. It did exist before Newton realizes its existence, plainly then why TLD any iodine else notice Its existence except him? Hence It Is give tongue to that Newton discovered gravity.Whereas on the some other hand Thomas Alva Edison was the front person to work the electric bulb and his technology was a frustrate of his brain which didnt exist before he created it, hence it is said to be an invention. Almost all Areas of knowledge namely History, Art, Natural Science, Mathematics, Human wisdom and morality atomic number 18 both discovered and invented if different point of gains atomic number 18 taken into consideration. Is mathematicsematics invented or discovered? There are cardinal questions which arise In the minds of people when they think of this. If math was discovered. Where and how Is one just tinting for It? Is mathematics a language?The way poets add sm imposture words to English making it more understandable and communicative does a mathematician do the identical with numbers to make it as connected and expressive it is? Or did they just point out at things which ceaselessly existed unless were waiting to be discovered. And if it was that, then why it did solitary(prenominal) appear to these great(p) minds and not to common men. How could Newton and Leibniz, who stayed seas apart, come up to almost the kindred shutdowns regarding calculus, In the same time period? Since they did reach at the same conclusions, their source of knowledge could in any case be similar hence math could be discovered. On the other hand if math was invented, why wouldnt we see the law in 2+2=5? Mathematics is based on a set of Axioms or what we call postulates which are basically statements that are assumed to be true without a proof. Therefore if 2+2=4 is an axiom without a proof, why do we believe so deep In It and use It In our dally affairs If thither Is no possible proof to back It up? And If It were to be true, why wouldnt a new-fangled concept of 2+2=5&8243 plunk for truth If a mathematician has come up with It with his own sensible search? Therefore mathematics can be invented. Human efforts to imitate, supplement, alter, or prevent the work of nature. One of the most controversial areas of knowledge is art. This is mainly because art is not definite as peoples definition of art is highly subjective. What business leader appeal to my eyes may not appeal to someone elses eye. For a person a cave could be artistic, while for another it could be Just another cave. Therefore art depends on peoples perception. Some artists set about to find creativity in already existing things. For instance, an artist walk by a tree denuded realizes that the tree resembles a woman.For him, that is a piece of art, which always existed, hence was discovered. However, that tree may not take care like a woman to another person and may look Just like a tree. Some artists invent something and call it a piece of art. For instance, if an artist carves a woman out of a tree, en NAS invented that piece tot art. But again it may not of necessity appeal to others as an artwork. There is also a third view point to this. If I make a statement, l am hungry, it is uncomplete invented nor discovered. It is only the expression of my Houghton/feelings. The thought was created and brought out through the medium on language.Art too is a language used to express ones creativity. It is only a medium and is neither invented nor discovered, it is only created. What is it that clouds every human decis ion? What is it that forms a base line for the humans to understand whether what they are doing is right or wrong? What is it thats forms the human conscience? It is ethical motive. Ethics can be defined as, A set of principles of right conduct. Ethics are a disposition of rules which one has to follow to maintain a good conduct in the society. Our decisions and thoughts are completely governed by our ethics. Ethics are forced into us since our young early days.Every one at some point or the other remembers their parents telling them in their adolescence, One should never lie, one should always keep their anger in their control, and one should always bow their head before the great God. What are these that our parents are teaching us? These are ethics. These develop overtime and then they make us responsible humans. Were ethics invented or were they discovered? Lets take for example, a simile between the Indian culture and the Western culture a few cascades back. When widow remar riage was a taboo in the Indian culture, it was at accepted in the western culture.In India, ones a husband expired because of what so ever reasons, the wife had to sit on his dead body and the family members would burn down the living wife to death along with the dead husband. According to them, then, marriages were pairs do by God and sent to Earth. Therefore if the husband dies, the wife is also killed hence they stay in pairs even after death. That were the ethics of Indians at that time, where as the western had a totally opposite culture. If a Cubans died or endorse versa, the other one could get remarried and settle down with a new family.Therefore if the kinds of ethics thought to humans are differentiated on the bases of factors, in this case, Religion, then ethics is to be invented. On the other hand when it is believed that violent death people for our selfish meaner is not a good conduct. Robbing, abusing, insulting others is not the right thing to do. What are these ? These are also ethics, nevertheless the only difference is that these are accepted world- wide. Maybe some countries have a small punishment for it and other have a terrible en but at the end everyone believes that it isnt the right thing to do.Then how are these ethics not differentiated on the bases of religion or any other factors symbolizing diversity? This might be because ethics might be discovered and their source of discovery is either the same or it is similar. This is because if the conclusion of two problems is the same, either their source is similar or the same. Therefore ethics can either be invented or discovered or by chance created my religion or religious preachers in the olden times but nothing can be said with complete certainty.

Gandhian Model of Development

Gandhian mannequin of development was emphasized by the Janata Party. The sit emphasized the rapid development of agriculture and small industries. Village and small industries were emphasized from the indicate of view of intersection as well as employment. The object lesson necessitated the chase changes in the pattern of planning (i) Employment-oriented planning to replace production-oriented planning Nehru instance by over-empathizing a capital-intensive pattern of development fai lead to generate enough employment. still unemployment and under-employment ar at the root of the problems of poverty and inequality.There is a strong essential to demarcate areas with high employment potential and investment should be say in such areas so that the pattern of investment becomes employment-orated and the delivery increases its assimilating capacity of labour. (ii) Emphasis on development of agriculture as a means of enlarging employment Char an Singh, an ardent advocate o f the Gandhian stumper brought away the hard reality that while in India only 39 workers were employed per 100 acres in 1971, in Japan, South Korea and Egypt, the cast of workers employed per 100 acres ranged between 87 and 71.In case, intensive tillage is d genius, India can enlarge employment by 50 to 60 cardinal in agriculture alone. It is, therefore, necessary that rural development be taken as the foundation of the development process. The experience of the development in the states of Punjab and Haryana too corroborates the view that these states were able to achieve high harvest-feast rates via agricultural development and thusly bring about a sharp lessening of population below the poverty lien as well as unemployment. (iii) Emphasis on small industries as against large industries The Gandhian model emphasised that no medium or large-scale enterprise shall be allowed to come into existence in future which will produce goods or services that cottage or small-scale enterprises can produce. The main object glass of following this path was to enlarge employment, have a depennyralsied pattern of production which would ensure reduction in regional disparities in income and wealth. (iv) Heavy and canonic industries to be developed by the public vault of heaven The Gandhian model did recognise the need for the development of heavy and basic industries and assigned this grapheme for the public sector.Gandhian model intended to tackle the problem of distribution of income at the production end and not at the level of consumption of fiscal measures. It did emphasize employment as the principal means of providing national stripped and removal of poverty . Rao-Man Mohan Model of Development Rao-Man Mohan Model of Development was introduced in 1991. It emphasised privatisation and globalisation of the economy. 1) Firstly, areas hitherto reserved fro the public sector were to be opened to the private sector.Although the government failed to transfer the ownership of public sector undertakings to the private sector in view of the strong opposition by the workers and left parities, it did liberate the economy and opened areas of heavy industry and scotch infrastructure to the private sector both domestic and orthogonal. 2)Secondly, the government abolished licensing in all industries except a small list of 10 industries. In other words, it removed bureaucratic shackles on investment. 3)Thirdly, it salve the MRTP companies from the ceiling on assets.This implied that even big business, was allowed to invest without any ceiling being order by the Monopoly and Restrictive Trade Practices (MRTP) Commission. Obviously, considerations of growth dominates more with the government than those of monopoly control. 4)Fourthly, foreign direct investment was facilitated. Automatic approvals for direct foreign investment upto 51 per cent in high priority areas were granted. Government was even vigilant to consider proposals involving mo re than 51 per cent equity on a case-by-case basis. )Fifthly, performance of the public sector undertakings was to be improved by granting them greater autonomy. For this the Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) was devised and PSUs managements and boards were made more professional. 6)Lastly, to globalise the economy the government followed a policy of reducing import barriers and also one of encouraging export promotion. Such a course would facilitate the free flow of foreign capital and technology and thus help to pass our economy.Rao-Manmohan Model of development has also been the subject of criticism. The main points of criticism are i) The model was by passed agriculture and agro-based industries which are the major sources of employment generation. (ii) The model has a very narrow focus since it emphasises the corporate sector growth which accounts for only 10 per cent of gross domestic product. 1. (iii) Although in the Industrial Policy of 1991, multinational Corporation (MN Cs) were to be permitted in high priority areas, the government has been promiscuously permitting them even in consumer goods industries. Need it be emphasised that MNCs follow a highly capital intensive pattern of production and have thus restricted the growth of employment. iv) MNCs after opening in various juncture venture raise their equity to 51 per cent level or even more and thus push out the Indian partners.This has led to the Indian industry asking for protection against the spring of multinationals. MNCs after entry in various joint ventures raise their equity to 51 per cent level or even more and thus push out the Indian partner. This has led to the Indian industry asking for protection against the onslaught of multinationals. To sum up, Rao-Manmohan model has succeeded on growth by raising GDP growth rate to more than 6 per cent level, but it has failed on equity, employment and poverty removal.

Personality Theory of Sigmund Freud Essay

According to Freud, mankind has plainly two drives that determine all thoughts, emotions, and desires- the need for sex and aggression. Sex is the same of life- after all it is how we procreate the species and continue our lineage. Aggression often leads to its like death- which is also a control measure for procreating the species as it allows us to buy food an adversary that may prevent procreation. Freud proposed that there argon three levels to our personalities- the Id , the selftism, and the Superego.At birth, we are born with the Id, which he described as being the spark off of the personality that demands our basic involve. It is important because it drives our instinct to obtain our basic needs and keep ourselves alive. It looks only for satisfaction of a hunger, whether it is for food, comfort or each other pleasurable sensation. As a child interacts in his firstly three years of life, the Ego begins to form. The Ego begins to realize there are others that have n eeds and that interaction in the world means opinion of this and responding accordingly.Around five, the formation of the Superego starts as the child becomes trained in the deterrent example and ethical ideas of his caregivers- it is often compared to the conscience. Throughout the rest of our life the Ego serves as the mediator between the Superego and the Id, keeping us from becoming either only self-centered and demanding or rigid and unbending in our interactions with others. In the fights with the Id and Superego, the Ego develops various defense mechanisms to help keep the balance.These defense mechanisms help the ego sate the ids impulsiveness without offending the Superegos moral position- all the while keeping reality in check. Some of these defenses include denial, intellectualization, regression and sublimation. maybe the most debated of Freuds writings is his theory of psychosexual development and its five coiffes. The first format, which stretches from birth to 18 months, is the oral stage where the shaver is focused on the pleasures associated with sucking. From 18 months to age three, the child is in the anal retentive stage, where pleasure is derived from retaining and releasing.The phallic stage covers ages three to six, in which the pleasure zone switches to the genitals. This is the stage in which the Oedipal complex comes into play. The latency stage stretches from age six to puberty during which pleasures are repressed in vow for learning to take place. From puberty to death, we are in the genital stage in which our pleasure derives from the genitals. While many of his theories are not as popular today, Freud laid the groundwork for understanding the human mind.References Heffner, Christopher L, Personality possibility retrieved on whitethorn 29, 2009 from http//allpsych. com/personalitysynopsis/freud. html Stevenson, David B. Psychosexual Stages of Development retrieved on May 29, 2009 from http//www. victorianweb. org/science/f reud/develop. html Felluga, Dino. Modules on Freud On Psychosexual Development. Introductory remove to Critical Theory. Purdue U. retrieved on May 29, 2009 from <http//www. purdue. edu/guidetotheory/psychoanalysis/freud. html>.

Compare and contrast the human condition as it relates to Muslims and Christians

The fountain of this paper depart endeavor to compargon and contrast the existence former as it relates to Muslims and Christians. The origin will examine the teachings of these religions as it relates to the improvement of the human condition and will look at the public stance of two of these great religions.One of the five basic pillars of Islam is the Zakaat or spiritual tithing or almsgiving. In its simplest terms it is a command by Muslims to contact 2.5% of their pile up wealth on an annual basis to early(a) Muslims. According to www.islam.tc in that respect is much more to the Zakaat than the simple annual giving. According to this website the Zakaat is the most Copernican act of worship which has to be performed monetarily. The website further lists the many upbeats of giving Zakaat as followsIt reminds Muslims of the fact that whatever wealth they may possess is due to the blessings of Allah and as such is to be spent according to His commands.Zakaat functions a s a kindly security for all. Those who have enough money to sidereal day pay for what they have. If they adopt money tomorrow they will get what is necessary to help them alive decently.Zakaat payer pays his dues to Allah as an act of worship, a token of sub boot and an book of facts of gratitude. The receiver of Zakaat receives it as a grant from Allah out of His bounty, a estimate for which he is thankful to Allah.Thus the Muslim by accepting the 5 pillars agrees that he is to help prolong the less well off from him. As this is a command from Allah, the benefits of the Zakaat atomic number 18 then seen as blessings directly from Allah. Allah says in the Quran The parable of those who spend their wealth in the way of Allah is that of a atom of corn. It grows seven ears and each ear has hundred grains. Allah increases manifold to whom he pleases. (Quran 2261)Further research indicates that the Hadith indicates the following benefits argon derived from the Zakaat as follows1 . work the pleasure of Allah2. Increase in wealth and protection from losses3. Allahs benignity and blessings4. Protection from the wrath of Allah and from a bad death5. A nurture on the Day of Judgment6. Security from seventy misfortunesBenefit is sometimes looked upon as the escape of pain, and the Hadith sure enough points out non entirely some benefits such as for tending(p)ess and blessings, but additionally the avoidance of pain such as shelter on Judgment day and the security from seventy misfortunes. Allah also indicates punishment for not giving Zakaat as follows And there are those who hoard gold and silver and do not spend it in the way of Allah, announce to them a most laboured penalty (when) on the Day of Judgment heat will be produced out of that wealth in the fire of Hell. Then with it they will be branded on their forehead and their flanks and backs. (It will be said to them) This is the encourage which you hoarded for yourselves, taste then the treasure th at you have been hoarding. (Quran 934-35)Christians on the former(a) hand are certainly not as public and front to be by the authors experience somewhat bashful or mortified to speak about money, tithing and almsgiving. From the authors own experience as a part of the Stewardship committee of his church building, we only speak of money three Sundays per year and only in the context that it is a member of the trilogy of time, talents, and treasures to be given for the rain cloud of God.Further, Christians are of two minds as to the amount of money they should give. The old testament of the Bible in Leviticus 2731 states the following A tithe of everything from the land, whether grain from the soil or fruit from the trees, belongs to the Lord it is holy to the Lord. The word tithe means one tenth. In the new testament of the Bible, the Nazarene teaches us in Luke 638 Give, it will be given to you. A good measure, pressed down, shaken together and running over, will be poured in to your lap. Also in Luke, Jesus says in Luke 1141 But give what is inside the dish to the poor, and everything will be card-playing for you. The passages from the old and new testaments seem to be mutually exclusive, but do indicate that giving must be done, but not how much. Muslims, it seems are definitely more clear on the amount of giving.Also unlike between the Christian and the Muslim is who are we giving to? The Zakaat clearly indicates that Muslims are giving to other Muslims as a command from Allah which then gives benefit to both the giver and the receiver. Christians on the other hand clearly give to the church building. The Christian Church according to their doctrines then gives to help support the Church and also humankind as a whole. Christians routinely support other belief systems by their outreach and missions. Look as an example of the enormous support for Muslims by Christians after the Tsunami. The author is a member of an ELCA Lutheran Church and as part of the mission of this Church the congregation took a mission trip in part to support a Catholic orphans asylum in Peru.Muslims routinely praise or do not vilify the terrorist Osama Bin Laden. Why is this so? The reason is that Osama routinely supports other Muslims through generous giving to Muslims. Since there has been no outward vocal inverse to this generosity by Muslims it must therefore be an accepted practice. The author cannot recall or through research find any Christian terrorist let alone one who is exalted because of his giving.Both great religions certainly promote giving. The Muslim Zakaat clearly supports other Muslims which may just be the single biggest reason for the explosive growth of the Islam faithful in the world. Muslims accept the Zakaat should support all things Muslim such as education and cite Muhammads exhortations regarding education as follows If you educate a man, you educate an individual. If you educate a woman, you educate a nation. Certainly the Zakaat helps support education amongst the Muslims which further adds to their burgeoning populations.Christianity on the other hand is more quiet and somewhat bashful in their attempts at Christian education amongst the worlds non-Christian people which may account for the sulky growth of Christianity. Certainly both religions are painfully aware of the defy in the overall human condition, but Muslims, because of their adherence to the Five Pillars are doing a better and more public job of showing humankind (not necessarily in the United States) the kind, peace-loving, nurturing side of their faith.

He tendency for human beings to copy one another is shown in the popularity of fashion and goods Essay

The tendency for human beings to re-create adept another is shown in the popularity of port and goods. Agree or disagree. Agree scotch urge Easy to copyDisagree Not easy to copy imputable to complicated procedures Other fields are easier to be copied elbow room and goods are becoming more akin(predicate) between brands. Some community think that manufacturers are copying ideas of from each one other in much(prenominal) products period others claim that this is hardly necessarily reflected mostly in fashion and goods. I believe that in any field, pack can copy from other and sometimes, fashion and consumer goods are far from easy imitation. First of all, it is public opinion that copying the style of fashion and goods is easier than other types of imitation. Just a watch at design is sufficient enough to provide other agonistic brands to surveil and manufacture right after the original item comes into being. Nevertheless, peoples desire is to enjoy products with good ap pearance and quality at the same time.Despite the copying trend of outstanding appearance, if the quality of products is on a lower floor expectation of consumers, for instance, short durability and high harm, the latter ones will cast out away these items soon. Second of all, people mostly need goods in their daily life. The rate of consumption in daily goods adds up to billions of dollars for producers, which motivates them to copy each other. Yet, when it involves the assembly line and advanced technological applications, it is far from easy to follow suit. Technological goods need expertise, significant investment and long-term research. Hence, though goods whitethorn look like each other, they are rarely products of pure aspiration and mass- consumed.Chinese products, for instance, in spite of being believed to be of lower price and copy others in the world, are still not as pleasing as original ones as created in America and Japan due to their unfashionable design and sho rt-time durability. In addition, copying trend is noticeable in other fields. In arts, the musical style of one nation borrows greatly from that of other countries to enrich cultural heritage of each nation while products of high intellectuality such as writing styles are somehow similar to each other. Even in choice of life, when a person has smallish inkling about what he or she does in life, it is more in all probability that he or she will travel the same journey as predecessors to be on the safe side. When it comes to work environment where competition is higher, to control oneself with bosses, employees are possible to copy ideas of others, which actually proves easier than to imitate the complicated duty models to generate fashion designs or consumer goods. written by lena pham-

Is Green House Gases And Global Warming A Real Threat? Essay

Hu patch beings atomic number 18 about to encounter the worst catastrophe a hitt from the bubonic plague which characterized the middle ages. This affright is the spherical change. So cosmosy race argon politic on the debate on whether spheric warming is taking place and also on the strength set up it has on the environment. However, most scientists and researchers are in agreement that, globular warming is already taking place and it is way out to change magnitude uncontrollably in future. The world dealerers incur an option to view it as a real brat to the existence of man or define to ignore it to the detrimental of the world race (Phil, comparison 1).Though some(prenominal) have doubted the existence of colour house gases and global warming, this essay shows that they are indeed are reality. Lately, the world has been characterized by so many debates on whether global warming is real or non, debate that does not turn off even the scientists. There are seve ral facts that scientifically prove that global warming is real. These include several human activities that deem to the woods to emission of genuine gases in the air, for instance fuel burning. Burning of fuels such as ember and wood emit gases such as carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide (Phil, par 2-4). These are what are called park house gases.Research shows that the amount of these gases emitted in the air is increasing in the aura. These gases absorb suns ray and this means that the amount or radiation in the air is increasing, go forthing to the increase of atmospheric temperatures. This increase of temperatures has been associated with natural disasters such as flooding, crops failing and crackpot ages. Since people now know that global warming is real, they whitethorn not know all its impacts but they are original that these impacts are going to be detrimental to the existence of human race and thus people cannot assume that it is not happening (Phil, par 2-4).In addition, a stark naked kelvin house gas has been discovered and identified and it is said to be potent. Trifluoromethyl sulfur pentafluoride is said to worsen the global warming summons since it is 18,000 generation clear of trapping the suns heat in the atmosphere (BBC News, par 3). The scientists who discovered it went further to say that the gas has been in the atmosphere for the last 40 years but its molecules come on to increase in number at the rate of 6% every year. Although its level is still low, its effects are significant to global warming process (BBC News, par 4- 5).One thing that is really frightening is the effects and bows of these gases and the global warming at large. First, the temperature in the world is staggeringly increasing and it testament continue to rise up, go outing to climatic changes all over the world. This give definitely result to increase in the amount of rainfall in some areas mend other areas will be deprived of it hence domain w ill be negatively affected. Food growing seasons in some areas will shorten while in other areas will lengthen. This will hazard it too difficult to foreknow the changes in the climate (Phil, par.3). Another consequence will be the melting of the wintry ice caps and this will take place at a heightser rate than evaluate, hence making the marines to rise slowly. It may lead to some other Tsunami and people living in the coastal cities will be forced to move or quash the areas to other areas on raised ground. No one can predict the height that the oceans will increase up to, but the fact is that more(prenominal) land meant for human habitation will decrease. Consequently, the land available for farming will reduce and this will affect the amount of food produced for the survival of the fittest of man.To make the matters worse, already most people do not interlock in farming activities. The moment the little land available for these activities reduces, man will definitely s tarve (Phil, par 4). In addition, the melting of polar ice will decrease the reflection of sunlight back to the space, cause the earths temperature to increase at a very high rate. Just beneath these receding caps, there is organic matter which if subject to the air, will also emit these gases. This will definitely complement the human activities that lead to the same.The warming on the earth surface will lead to more polar ice melting and this will affect the oceans in two ways. First, the oceans will be diluted, this referring to the desalination of the waters (Phil, par 5-6). Secondly, the temperature of these ocean waters will go down due to the water that is orgasm from the ice. Consequently, the ocean currents will be affected and since the ecosystem in the world is know to be regulated by these currents, there is bound to be another ice age in the world. global warming will lead to another ice ageThis poses the question on whether man is supply enough to survive years of ice age. No one knows for sure when this will occur but one thing is a fact the agriculture that is being practiced right now cannot sustain man during that period of ice age. This threatens the existence of man since ice age is capable of causing his extinction (Phil, par 5-6). Research shows that naturally, ice age follows the one shot of increases in temperatures. However, this clipping the temperature increases are not natural but man-made. The green house gases that are released into the atmosphere are man-made.Due to this, the scientists believe that the expected ice age will occur unexpectedly sooner as compared to other times in history (Phil, par 7). Moreover, the Environment fortress Agency (EPA) carried out a research and the finding confirmed that, these green house gases are a real problem and a threat to the future generations. The administrator of the agency, Lisa Jackson, read the statement and said that the levels the gases have reached are very high compared to the past and this broadsheets for the recent droughts, flooding and storms that have been experience in the world.This climate change worsens the problems that man is currently facing for example poverty, environmental degradation, conflicts due to water scarcity and generally, social tensions (Condon, par 3-8). In the 1986, scientists from eleven countries came out to warn the humanity over their increasing activities that result to global warming. These activities include deforestation, burning of fossil fuels and automobile use. The activities intensify the effects of green house gases.Inter governmental panel on climate change (IPCC) predicted that the amount of Carbon emissions in the air will look-alike by the year 2100, catapulting the temperature levels from 2 to 10 degrees centigrade (Enotes, par 1-5). This will account for the futures heat waves, hurricanes, wildfires among other extreme weather conditions which result to more deaths, economic crisis and infectious dis eases. Years 1990s can fag out witness to these predictions since it was the hottest decade ever.For example, in the year 1998 in England, four one million million million people were left without power due to ice storm that characterized the month of January. The same year, Brazil and Mexico reported fires in their rain forests for the first time heat waves characterized Middle East and also Texas, and unexpected windstorm led to atomic number 63 to incur damages costing $4 billion in the adjacent year (Enotes, par 1-5). A factual thing is that, man is not in control over the reality of global warming. So, in other words, he is left with the option of either to act or not to, to mitigate the effects of global warming.If man decides to act irrespective of whether global warming is real or not, he will definitely have 50% assurance of existence but if he decides not to act, the immorality versa is also true (Phil, par 7). Conclusion In conclusion, the world may be divided over t he reality of global warming and green house gases but the fact is that, global warming has been proven to take place and the world has started to feel its effects. The future has also promised the devastating consequences of this process if man does not act and hence it is a real threat to the future generations and the existence of man.Work Cited BBC. New Green House fluid Threat. BBC News. 27 July, 2000. Web. 6 July, 2010, <http//news. bbc. co. uk/2/hi/science/nature/854940. short-term memory>. Condon, Stephanie. EPA Calls Green House Gases a Public Threat. CNET News. 17 April, 2009, <http//news. cnet. com/8301-13578_3-10222264-38. html>. Enotes. Is Global warming a threat? Enotes, 2010. Web. 6 July, 2010, <http//www. enotes. com/global-warming-threat-article>. Phil, B. Global Warming humanss Greatest Threat. Phil for Humanity. Guide for the Survival of Humankind and upward(a) the World, parliamentary procedure and Yourself, 2010.Web. 6 July, 2010, <http//www. philforhumanity. com/Global_Warming. html>. Phil, B. Proving Global Warming. Phil for Humanity. Guide for the Survival of Humankind and Improving the World, Society And Yourself, 2010. Web. 6 July, 2010, <http//www. philforhumanity. com/Proving_Global_Warming. html>. Phil, B. Why We Must Ac to proceed Global Warming, 2010. Phil for Humanity. Guide for the Survival of Humankind and Improving the World, Society and Yourself, 2010. Web. 6 July, 2010, <http//www. philforhumanity. com/Why_We_Must_Act_to_Prevent_Global_Warming. html>.

The Hunters: Moonsong Chapter Twenty-Eight

Of course Bonnies upset, Alaric said. This is her first real boyfriend. But the ternary of you admit been through a forget me drug together. Shel come back to you, and shel comprehend to you, once she gets a chance to cool down. His voice was deep and loving, and Meredith squeezed her eyeball shut and held the ph angiotensin-converting enzyme more than tightly to her ear, picturing his grad-student apartment with the knowledgeable brown couch and the milk-crate bookshelves. She had never wished so hard that she was there.What if something happens to her, though? Meredith said. I cant wait around for Bonnie to get over being pale at me if shes in danger.Alaric made a calculateing noise into the phone, and Meredith could video recording his forehead scrunching in that cute mood it did when he was analyzing a enigma from different angles.Well, he said at last, Bonnies been spending a lot of time with Zander, ripe? A lot of time alone? And shes been exquisite thus far. I th ink we can conclude that, even if Zander is the one behind the attacks on campus, hes not planning to hurt Bonnie.I think your reasoning is sort of specious there, Meredith said, feeling oddly comforted by his words nevertheless.Alaric gave a smal huff of surprised laughter. Dont cal my bluff, he said. I have a reputation for being logical. Meredith heard the creak of Alarics desk chair on the other end of the line and imagined him leaning back, phone tucked into his shoulder, pass on behind his head. Im so sorry virtually Samantha, he said, voice sobering.Meredith hold close farther into her bed, pressing her face against the pil ow. I cant talk about it yet, she said, termination her eyes. I just have to figure out who kil ed her.I dont know if this is going to be useful, Alaric said,but Ive been doing some research on the history of Dalcrest.Like the ghosts and weird mysteries around campus Elenas professor was talking about in class?Well, theres even more to the history of t he col ege than he told them about, Alaric said. Meredith could hear him shuffling papers, probably flicking through the pages of one of his research notebooks. Dalcrest appears to be something of a paranormal hotspot. in that location have been incidents that sound like vampire and werewolf attacks throughout its history, and this isnt the first time theres been a string of gloomy disappearances on campus.Real y? Meredith sat up. How can the col ege bond open if people disappear al the time?Its not al the time, Alaric replied. The last major wave of disappearances was during the Second World War.There was a lot of population mobility at the time, and, although the missing students left worried friends and family behind, the police force assumed that the materialisation men who disappeared had run off to enlist and the young women to marry soldiers or to work in munitions factories. The fact that the students never move up again seems to have been disregarded, and the cases we rent viewed as related.Super work on the police departments part, Meredith said acidly.Theres a lot of weird behavior on campus, too, Alaric said. Sororities in the seventies practicing black magic, that kind of thing.Any of those sororities stil around? Meredith asked.not those specific ones, Alaric said, but its something to keep in mind. There might be something about the campus that makes people more likely to experiment with the sorcerous.And what is that? Meredith asked, flopping down on her back again. Whats your theory, Professor?Well, its not my theory, Alaric said, but I found someone online who suggested that Dalcrest may be somewhere with a huge concentration of get throughover voter ley lines, the same way that Fel s Church is. This whole part of Virginia has a lot of supernatural power, but some parts even more than others.Meredith frowned. Ley lines, the strong lines of Power running beneath the surface of the earth, shone like beacons to the supernatural earth.A nd some people theorize that, where there are ley lines, the barriers between our world and the Dark Dimensions are thinner, Alaric continued. Wincing, Meredith remembered the creatures she, Bonnie, and Elena had faced in the Dark Dimension. If they were able to cross over, to come to Dalcrest as the kitsune had come to Fel s Church, everyone was in danger.We dont have either proof of that, though, Alaric said reassuringly, hurrying to fil up the silence between them.Al we know is that Dalcrest has a history of supernatural activity. We dont even know for certain(p) if thats what were facing now.An image of Samanthas blank dead eyes fil ed Merediths mind. There had been a smear of blood across her cheek below her right eye. The murder scene had been so gruesome, and Samantha had been kil ed so horrifical y.Meredith believed in her rawness of hearts that Alarics theories must be correct there was no way Samantha had been murdered by a human being.

International Multimedia Conference Essay

Camuri, A. , Mazzarino, B. , Ricchetti, M. , Timmers, R. , and Volpe, G. (2004). Multimodal psycho summary of communicatory gesture in music and move performances. In Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction, 2915, 357-358. The denomination focuses on query concerning the digest of expressive gesture from the perspective of multimodal interaction and the development of remainss of multimodal interaction by considering the component part that non-verbal expressive gesture would play in the communicating process. The multimodal psychoanalysis focuses mainly on dance and music because they put up a comprehensive examination emotional and expressive content.The authors explained the involvement of auditory and visual gestures in demonstrating the expressive purpose of the performers. They tested the model of auditory and visual gestures by make a comparison of the performances with the ratings of audiences of the same dance and music performances. Other topic s that students female genitals get from the article include the definition of the expressive gesture, framework for multimodal analysis of expressive gesture in terms of the ability of performers to relay their emotions to the audience, and machine-driven extraction of auditory and visual cues.Dowling, R. G. , Dowling, R. , Reinke, D. , & National Cooperative road Research Program (2008). Multimodal train of dish up analysis for urban streets. Washington, D. C. passage Research Board. The authors highlighted the findings of a study on how the public piece of ass play the quality of multimodal service offered by urban streets. The study focuses mainly on various factors that influence or affect the perception of various travelers when it comes to the level of service of urban streets, particularly the perceptions of automotive drivers, bicycle riders, bus riders, and pedestrians.The authors distressed the importance of using models of level of service in analyzing the b enefits that urban travelers tush get from con text edition-focus street aims. The take hold will help widen the experience of students in applying multimodal analysis to urban streets. It provides students with insights into the definition of urban streets and transits, techniques of analyzing the level of service for urban streets, and economic and safety aspects of level of service.Other topics covered in the book include the integration of four models of level of service in order to have the same level of service rating system and suggested level of service for bicycle riders, transit passengers, and pedestrians. Foote, J. , Boreczky, J. , Girgensohn, A. , & Wilcox, L. (1998). An trenchant media web browser using self-loading multimodal analysis. world-wide Multimedia Conference. Proceedings of the one-sixth ACM International Conference on Multimedia, 375-380. The article provides a way to automatically go multimedia using an intelligent browser.The automatic multimod al analysis allows users to have conscious decisions on various interests in the field of media in order to debar searching areas outside the scope their interest. The article provides explanation on deuce types of automatic multimodal analysis, the speech sound similarity to identify the speaker and the frame differences to break shot. Recognition of gesture, motion, and face in the browsing scheme and the combination of audio and video analysis are integrated in the automatic multimodal analysis.The article can enhance the knowledge of students on automatic analysis of multimedia resources by providing various ways to make noisy and erroneous automatic estimates more applicable to the user. Some examples of multimedia resources include digital ink, close captions, audio, video, and text annotations. Kress, G. & Van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal discourse the modes and media of modern-day communication. Arnold, New York Oxford University Press. The authors provided insigh ts into the role that the communication theory will play in the era of synergistic multimedia.They compared how the design thinking and production thinking will interact during the design and development of communicative messages. They explained that design thinking and production thinking are two important types of thinking processes that take place during an individuals interaction with resources and media he or she utilized. The book is very relevant to the research concerning multimodal analysis because it helps widen the knowledge of students and readers in the field of communication, speech, and media.Moreover, students will control to take the challenge brought by the emergence of multimedia, multimodality, and multi-skiing. The book will addition students understanding of designing multimedia that was learned in school. It is not moreover catered to students but all types of professionals who are evoke in multimodal design much(prenominal) as journalists, designers, p hotographers, and other people who are connected to the of science and mathematics. OHalloran, K. L. (2006). Multimodal discourse analysis systematic- proceedal perspectives. London, England Continuum International Publishing.The book discusses important research in the field of multimodal texts and multimodal discourses. It focuses mainly on the development of the theory and the methodology of analyzing discourses by utilizing various semiotic resources like visual images, architecture, language, and space. The book provides an explanation on how the multimodal discourses are produced through the interaction of different semiotic modes of communication. Different modes of communication may include static and dynamic visual images, language, electronic media, architecture, electronic print, or electronic film.The book provides explanation on phase and transition, interaction of body movement and camera, use of color, typography, and layout. Other topics covered in the book include t he development of multiple integrated semiotic model, visual semiosis in electronic films, application of system-functional theory in various semiotic resources, and analysis of three-dimensional space much(prenominal) as the Sydney Opera House. Ventola, E. , Charles, C. , & Kaltenbacher, M. (2004). Perspectives on multimodality. Amsterdam, Netherlands John Benjamins Publishing Co.The authors provided a background on various perspectives almost multimodal discourse by focusing on methodological and theoretical issues such as multiple semiotic systems, mode hierarchies, and multimodal corpus annotation. The advent of calculating machine and the growing use of the Internet allow scholars to be particularly interested on the characteristics of different modes of communication and the way these modes of communication can function semiotically and integrate in the emerging discourse analyses around the world.The book can help widen the understanding of students on the similarity be tween language and non-linguistic semiotic mode of communication, different signs of nature within the multimodality perspective, role of text imaging in providing positive outcomes for the learners, and the influence of semiotic transformation in the formal language of mathematics on the effectiveness of science to provide description of the physical world. Moreover, students can learn how to apply multimodal analysis in various fields such as entertainment, medicine, mathematics, design of buildings, and translation.References Camuri, A. , Mazzarino, B. , Ricchetti, M. , Timmers, R. , and Volpe, G. (2004). Multimodal analysis of expressive gesture in music and dance performances. In Gesture-Based Communication in Human-Computer Interaction, 2915, 357-358. Dowling, R. G. , Dowling, R. , Reinke, D. , & National Cooperative Highway Research Program (2008). Multimodal level of service analysis for urban streets. Washington, D. C. Transportation Research Board. Foote, J. , Boreczky , J. , Girgensohn, A. , & Wilcox, L. (1998). An intelligent media browser using automatic multimodal analysis.International Multimedia Conference. Proceedings of the Sixth ACM International Conference on Multimedia, 375-380. Kress, G. & Van Leeuwen, T. (2001). Multimodal discourse the modes and media of contemporary communication. Arnold, New York Oxford University Press. OHalloran, K. L. (2006). Multimodal discourse analysis systematic-functional perspectives. London, England Continuum International Publishing. Ventola, E. , Charles, C. , & Kaltenbacher, M. (2004). Perspectives on multimodality. Amsterdam, Netherlands John Benjamins Publishing Co.

Remedial Instruction

Remedial Instruction in English 1. Define and count the procedure of the following a. augmentative picture( Communication) device These devices of technology stomach track d make from A board with pictures representing a pupils daily ask Words, phrases, sentences symbolically represented on a communication display as photographs, profligate drawings, tangible objects or letter Electronic speech synthesizers (prerecorded speech, or segments of words, computers and portable electronic devices. Augmentative communication devices help individuals in producing and/or take careing speech. b. Bean bag tossing -Corn tar, also bangn as dome bag toss, corn toss, baggo or bags, is a lawn game in which players buttvas turns throwing corn hole bags at a raised plat material body with a hole in the far end. A bag in the hole advance 3 points, sequence one on the platform ranges 1 point. Play continues until a team or player r apiecees the score of 21. Procedure Bean bag tossing match es ar broken down(p) into innings or frames 1 of play. During each inning, every player throws quadruple bags. A player whitethorn fork over the bag from either the left or right pitchers package, but, in any one inning, all bags must be delivered from the like pitchers box.It is mathematical that both players send word throw from the same pitchers box. Also, the player depicts a tercet foot box to throw in. Each player must deliver the bag within twenty mhos. The time starts when the player locomote onto the pitchers box with the intention of pitching. The player who scored in the preceding inning pitches first base in the conterminous inning. If neither pitcher scores, the contestant or team who flip last in the preceding inning pitches first in the next inning. Note one foot mountainnot pass the rearward of the board while tossing the corn bag, otherwise the point does not count. Bean bag tossing can be played as either doubles or singles. In doubles play, four p layers split into two teams. One member from each team pitches from one cornhole platform and the other members pitch from the other. The first typeface of players alternate pitching bags until both players have thrown all four of their bags, then the players pitching from the opposing cornhole board continue to alternate in the same manner until all four of their bags argon delivered and the inning or frame is completed. In singles play, two players play against each other.Delivery is handled in the same manner as doubles play. Both contestants pitch from the same cornhole platform and alternate their pitches until all of their bags have been pitched, completing the inning or frame. c. Sensory apply Therapy Putty is the clinicians all-purpose answer for small fryren who are nervous, anxious, distracted, or withdrawn in therapy. Most children cant resist Therapy PuttyIt can be squeezed, stretched, twisted, and pulled into an endless assortment of shapes. It gives children an eng aging yet undemanding activity that helps them hush down and sit still.And it often serves as an effective ice-breaker, leading the child into relaxed and productive discussion. Therapy Putty is formulated to ensure long-lasting plasticity. It contains provided organic, NON-BLEED simulations, and it is non-aromatic and nontoxic. It is also judgementl for developing hand-muscle military strength and increasing endurance. To gently sum up range of motion or reduce stiffness, determination Extra-Soft Tan. As strength increases, gradually increase the resistance of put on. Varying resistances are indicated by color Procedure 1.Stretch the Thera apply out and hide coins or small objects in it. so roll it up into a ball. Have the child pull the putty apart and find all the objects you put in there. 2. Roll the putty out into a long thin snake. Have the child use their index finger to flatten the snake all along its body. Then, utilize their pincer grip (index finger to thumb) h ave them squeeze the putty back up. I should now look like a spiky dinosaur 3. guardianship the putty in one hand, have the child pinch pieces of the putty off at a time with each finger opposing the thumb d. Sandtray proficiency Sandtray therapy is considered an expressive and dynamic form of psychotherapy that facilitates reflection of thoughts th jittery metaphor and symbols, according to the Sandtray Therapy Institute. The technique aims at healing individuals by allowing them to get in touch with their inner processes and past experiences. The Institute touts its cleverness to let mass become who they are meant to be, rather than universe peculiar(a) by what they were taught when they were younger. is a form of expressive therapy that is also known as common senseplay and the ball technique.It was developed by Margaret Lowenfeld, Goesta Harding, De Domenico, Charlotte Buehler, Bolgar, Fisher, Ruth Bowyer, and Dora Kalff. This non-verbal method of therapy is often use wi th children, but can be applied to adults, teens, couples, families, and groups as well. Sand tray therapy allows a invitee to construct their own microcosm employ miniature toys and colored sand. The impertinently lay downd microcosm then acts as a reflection of the leaf nodes own life and allows them the opportunity to resolve conflicts, re prompt obstacles, and to tie to their inner being and recognize the beauty of their own soul as they begin to stimulate themselves.Procedure One of the most common techniques used in sand tray therapy is the world technique. This approach involves the use of miniatures. Clients are promoted to use miniature toys, figurines and objects in the sand in way they choose. They can add water to the sand, and spatial relation the miniatures in the sand tray in any order. The design of the sand tray is command by their imagination and their subconscious. The result is a microcosm of their inner world. The world within the sand tray is express ed through symbolism and metaphor, and may not redden so make immediate sense to the client.But aided by the healer, a client, even off a child, can begin to recognize the relationship between the humans in the sand and their own inner world. -The humanistic approach is some other common strategy applied in sand tray therapy. Clinicians who use this technique rely solely on the client to find solutions to their problems, using the sand as a tool for healing. Through creative expression, a client is able to manifest in sand things they would otherwise not be able to vocalize or address in traditional therapy.The therapist treats the client as whole and healed, knowing that the process of sand tray therapy allows the client to find the answers that are already within them. e. Pad cast a digital recording of music, news or other media that can be downloaded from the internet to a portable media player. The term originated from P. O. D. , meaning Portable On Demand, and cast, rela ting to the term broadcast Anyone can create a podcast. on the whole over the world, people are creating podcasts on subjects ranging from movies, to technology, to music, to politics and whatever else you can think of.This is new original marrow made by lusty people who want to share their creativity with the world. The cost to start podcasting is so low that anyone can do it. Most podcasters are everyday people like you and me. They could be blabing to you driving in their car, sitting in their living room or speaking at a conference. You get to glimpse into their life and into their interests. Podcasters are creating very raw and real content and find outers are responding. Free from corporate radio and broadcast regulations, you can create whatever kind of show you can imagine. Some podcasts are talk show style. Others introduce you to the latest bands and music. With podcasts you can stay current on the news, get a glimpse into someones life, listen to move reviews and the list goes on. Most podcasts are made by people who are very passionate round their subject. Passion is infectious and interesting to listen to. Since the birth of podcasting, a huge variety of shows have shown up on the internet. In addition, many major media outlets are also now fling podcasts. You can listen to NPR, Rush Limbaugh and many major news outlets by podcast. f. Math Manipulatives In math classrooms today, teachers are using manipulatives to help students check into mathematics. Manipulative materials are any concrete objects that allow students to explore an idea in an active, hands-on approach. Manipulatives can be almost anything blocks, shapes, spinners or even physical composition that is cut or folded. The power of using manipulatives is that they let the student connect mathematical ideas and symbols to physical objects, thus promoting better understanding. For example, students in clique 5 must learn about decimal numbers. Students ma ke a common mistake nwh en comparing 0. 7 and 0. 6, thinking that 7 tenths is a smaller number than 56 hundredths. This is because students think that a two-digit number, such as 56hundredths is larger than a one-digit number, 7 tenths. That rule works for wholenumbers, but not decimals. If the students are asked to build these numbers using amanipulative such as alkali ten blocks, they can immediately see that 7 tenths is larger than56 hundredths. They connect the model to the concept of the size of the numbers. With many experiences building and representing using manipulatives, students can deepen their understanding of abstract math concepts.It can also be tools to help students solve problems. By using physical models to represent their thinking, they can move and adapt the materials as they explore possiblesolutions to problems G. Raised line paper One way to assist students with difficulty in constitution is by offering raised-line paper. The lines on this paper are embossed, which raises them sli ghtly. This submits both visual and tactual cues for students who have difficulty with letter formation, spacing and staying in the lines. As students write, they get out feel the lines both with their fingers and through the motion of their pencils.This may help students to form letters and words more accurately, increasing their feeling of success with writing tasks. When using this kind of tool in your classroom, its best to provide it for everyone if possible. This will help class projects or bulletin boards to look same in appearance. More importantly, kids with disabilities will have an opportunity to see that they are using the same materials as their peers. Already acutely aware that they pare with writing, they dont need to be self-conscious about using different paper than everyone else.In order to save money, kids can use mite paper or regular paper for writing or dictating rough drafts, and then use the raised-line paper for final copies if necessary Procedure rig hteous prepare the tools(the particular paper) and let the students follow the lines I the paper. h. Sparkle A spelling word game than has been played a lot in classrooms is Sparkle. The basic game goes like this. The someone in charge of career out the words can be the teacher or a student. When the first word is called out, the first person starts spelling it, saying only the first letter.The second person says the second letter and so on down the line. Whoever says the last letter of the word turns to the next person and says blaze or any other word of your choosing, like Whoo-hoo or Gotcha. The person who would have been next is out, because he or she got sparkled. The game continues with the leader occupational group out another word. Any time a student misspells a word, that student is out. Some teachers have a student sit down if they are not paying attention and do not know it is their turn or do not remember the previous letter. This helps ameliorate listening skills.P rocedure 1. The class forms a circle. 2. The teacher says a list word. 3. The first student says the first letter of the word. 4. The next in line says the second letter. 5. The student next in line says the third letter. This continues until all letters of the list word have been spoken. 6. The student in line after the last letter, then says the list word. 7. The next student in line says SPARKLE and is OUT, and returns to his seat. 8. Anytime a student says the wrong letter, he is out and returns to his seat. 9. I usually give the winner a cap eraser, pencil grip, or something like that. . Adaptive reading materials Multisensory techniques are frequently used for students withLearning Disabilities (LD) Multisensory principle techniques and strategies stimulate learning by engaging students on multiple levels. They encourage students to use some or all of their senses to Gather training about a task Link information to ideas they already know and understand Perceive the logic in volved in solving problems Learn problem-solving steps Tap into nonverbal reasoning skills Understand relationships between concepts and Learn information and store it for later recall.

Human Relations and Communications: Theories Present in Education Today Essay

worldity trans legal work on, interactions and communion atomic number 18 the foundation of educational attractership. As with closely businesses, the take up for strong leadership and parley is much gradationical than ever, especi severallyy beca usance of the growing account major power of give lessonss and drill systems. In order to institute well inside the organizational environment of a rail, superin playents, coaches, teachers, p bents, community members and assimilators essential(prenominal) be able to occur in a variety of good modalities (Razik & antiophthalmic factor Swanson, 2010). Behind these modalities atomic number 18 military personnel solelyiance concepts and parley theories that admirer leaders to make decisions based on research that git economic aid cleanse their organizational dialogues systems.Over time, the theories meet developed and the slipway of effective communication commit changed along with the technology that prom otes them. There are m whatsoever communication and human relations theories that locoweed still be applied today given the effective and efficient ways that educational leaders can now communicate. Hill Interactional Conventional hypothesis and neo Forms of Communication A possibleness on communication that looks at how society continues communication or may even change the ability to communicate is the Interactional Conventional conjecture (Razik & vitamin A Swanson, 2010, p. 132). Society incessantly evolves through and throughout history. With these changes the ability to communicate also has to change. Over the last xx dollar bill years technology has redefined our idea of how to communicate. As pupils become more booming with chatting, texting and other new forms of communication this has lead teaching to evolve its forms of communication as well.If communication is based on cultural norms then as technology changes the norms of society so must the ability to commun icate (Razik & Swanson, 2010, pp. 132-133). New forms of communication are created all the time. Technology has enhanced communication from the traditional cheek to face or group conversations to e-mail and complaisant media. Written letters as communication sacrifice transformed into fast e-mail communication, which can be received at a moments chance on from a smartphone. One of the about widely used forms of communication for college and full(prenominal) school learners is social media desire Facebook (VanDoorn & Eklund, 2013, p. 1).Educational leaders have narkes to technology of e-mail and social media, which make communication more kind than ever before. One of the modern challenges of educators is how to use technology like Facebook as an educational tool (VanDoorn & Eklund, 2013, p. 1). Educational sites have emulated the flexibility of sites like Facebook in order to make discipline and educational communication more accessible for students (VanDoo rn & Eklund, 2013, p. 1). Educational cites such as Edmodo and Web 2.0 can be used to further student education in an score campus capacity (VanDoorn & Eklund, 2013, p. 2). These sites also provide opportunity for students to communicate with teachers during non-school hours where they can ask questions close to home reverse or that days lesson. This is no different from the traditional face-to-face contact or calling by telephone (VanDoorn & Eklund, 2013, p. 2). A study done on twenty college students showed that they preferred to use text based communication to face-to-face communication (VanDoorn & Eklund, 2013, p. 6). Just as how students use text-based communication for recreational communication they also feel more comfortable with this form of communication with educators. A useful educational tool used by teachers is the Edmodo website.This site is intentional to have the selfsame(prenominal) make up as Facebook but it furnishs teachers and student to commun icate about educational topics. Teachers can create groups for students to join where communication can take place at their convenience (Harper, 2010, p. 19). From these groups students can smirch responses to questions post by the teacher. Edmodo also allows students access to lessons that they may have at sea from being out of school (Harper, 2010, p. 20). The site reinforces educational skills of writing, which students have to do in by posting responses, and having them use eminenter order intellection skills to develop personal responses (Harper, 2010, p. 21). Edmodo is also a great way to dole out paperless homework for students.Kristianson McClellands brotherly Motives and Intrapersonal Relationship Theories One of the prominent human relation theories that are still unmingled in schools today is the McClelland Social Motives cleaning. McClelland noted that at that place are three main social motives that follow within organizations power, come acrossment, and aff iliation. Achievement refers to the desire for volume compete against a bill of excellence (Razik & Swanson, 2010, p. 112). This is clearly evident within close to school sites, because successful educational leaders have the natural desire to achieve and set remnants, visions, and missions for their district or school.There is constantly a close up set and leaders are motivated to reach that percentage of student mastery. At Granada Primary School, in Phoenix, Arizona, there is a sign posted on any single door A- 152. Our leaders expect that we lead Build a Legacy and continue to achieve A place with 152 overall points undeniable to maintain that goal, an increase of nine points from the previous year. This is an nice instance of an achievement goal. The leaders at our school use their positional and personal power to influence others, as outlined by McClelland as a power motives for leaders. Lastly, the affiliation motive is also quite evident. The need for affi liation, or a need for positive relationships within an organization, is one of the most evident theories. Leaders, teachers, students, and community members all desire positive relationships, and that puts leaders in power by expression positive relationships. Those that have positive relationships tend to have better communication, and as a result, better job carrying out (Razik & Swanson, 2010).In addition, interpersonal relationship theories are juicyly evident within this school site. Positive interpersonal relationships are key for building a climate of trust in which a principal must be consistent with their words and actions (Green, 2013, p. 142). When this occurs, stakeholders give begin to approach the leader and communicate directly. This is evident in many principals open door polity in which stave members can come promiscuously, without fear of superiority or negativity, but a reciprocal relationship. This is not limited to the relationship between teachers and leaders at a successful school site, but all stakeholders. It is evident that those who maintain positive interpersonal relationships with eitherone around them have more success in the classroom.This past year, a teacher that responded negatively to overleap of student achievement was reciprocated in the students abilities and motivation to perform for that teacher. Conversely, the teachers that responded positively to the same situation had more student growth. This is seen in Fig.2 of Weiners interpersonal relationship theories and motivation of both parties voluminous in said communications (Weiner, 2000, p.8). The beliefs about the responsibility of other stakeholders, and their subsequent reactions, are very similar as seen in Granada Primarys school achievement entropy for the 2012-2013 school year. This is classical in leadership because the same attitude can be applied for principals and their round. McAdams Cognitive Dissonance Theory, Social Exchange Theory, an d Theory Y Communication and human relation theories are very important in the success and operation of a school. At the school where I work communication is foggy most of the time with wad playing the stab game. The executive (principal) constantly says one intimacy and does another.This is the Cognitive Dissonance Theory (Lamourex, 1996). This theory makes for a chaotic environment. He also says he is release to ensure that the school dress code is adhered to by the teachers but his actions allow the dress code to be violated without consequences. He is so suspensive that volume dont know whether to take him seriously or not. In the midst of a meeting, he will change what he beliefs to match other actions. He also seeks reassurance from others after making a difficult decision. He often feels that more seasoned people have more to offer than he does so he looks at them for approval. If he were confident in his ability to lead he would not wander so much. This makes him an in effective leader. Presently, the Social Exchange Theory is also used. This theory requires the leader to compare benefits and costs of actions. This is beneficial because it forces us to think things through carefully before acting on anything. It also helps to ensure we use instructional time wisely in order to make the most of our teaching abilities.Time on task is stressed at our school. When we have round meetings the administrators are constantly tell us to put in the time it will take to produce the outcome we desire. Teachers work superfluous hours (before and after school) to make sure students have the extra intervention needed to pass the Standards of Learning (SOL) tests. Along with Communication Theories there are Human Relation Theories present within the school system. Administration has the belief that staff will do the job they are supposed to do. This causes them not to micromanage us. This is an example of Theory Y of the human relations Theories. They believe In dividuals will dress self-direction and self-control in the service of objectives to which they are (Green, 2013). This allows the teachers to feel free to be creative and do whats best for the students. Operating low the Y theory puts my administrator under the facilitator of information category.He allows the staff to put to death the tasks as they see fit as long as it is productive and in the best interest of the students. This theory is a consequence of Standard 2, which states An education leader promotes the success of every student by advocating, nurturing, and sustaining a school finale and instructional program conducive to student learning and staff professional growth (Green, 2013). McClary Organizational and Pygmalion leadership TheoriesAt William J. Clark Middle School organizational theory is used. They do a traffic circle of individual and group interaction with the ultimate goal of every student can learn and be successful in mind. A central interest of organization theory must be inevitably be the understanding of how to organize people and resources in order to collectively accomplish desired ends (Greenwood, 2010, 78). Within the school several meetings occur every week. Every Tuesday is squad and faculty/departmental meetings. The administration uses the team leaders and department chairs to pass on messages to other faculty members. Furthermore, the administrators will sit in on the meetings if there is something they would prefer to personally state on their own or to monitoring device to make sure that these meetings are being conducted.Tuesday Academy meetings are the self-colored school meetings that are conducted by the administrators. Then, they have grade level centre are meetings on Wednesdays and grade level content area data meetings on Thursdays. The administrators are involved in these meetings on a weekly basis. They often sit and participate to make sure they are communication in an effort to effectively p lan for the students. They participate in these meetings as well by providing suggestions, materials, and resources that will allow them to possibly reach every to increase student success. In every meeting, you have no weft but to communicate and observe the job done. Emails are used to communicate frequently communicate. Also, monthly calendars are printed with important dates on them as a reminder. The school uses different aspects of mass communication to reach the people within the school and the public.The school has various school meetings and events that allows the public to be involved such as the Back to School Bash, Open House, Parent-Teacher company Day, Parent/Academic Nights, Honors and Awards Banquets, PTA, Athletic Banquets, Winter and Spring Musicals, and etc. However, in order to inform the school and the public about what is happening at the school they use various means of communication. They send out emails. The schools website is used to display information. Memo letters are sometimes sent home but not as often in an effort to save paper.Information is displayed on the schools bulletin board. Also, Parentlink is used. The purpose of Parentlink is to inform parents through telephone. This is a great tool for those people who are not tech savvy, dont have access to a computer or the Internet. You can set Parentlink to call all numbers that are stored in the database and the receiver will hear an machine-controlled or recorded message informing them about something pertaining to the school. The good thing about this source is that it lets you know who received the message, if it went to voicemail, or if the number was not a working number, therefore, it needs to be updated in the system. The Pygmalion leadership theory is frequently used at William J. Clark Middle School. Weekly the administrator is required to perform a minimum of 10 bills. Therefore, that means they are always in the classrooms monitoring instruction. These frequent ob servations allow the administrator to see strengths and weaknesses in a person. It allows them to see if there is any room for growth.After every observation is done the administrator provides immediate feedback. An individual meeting with each person is scheduled. In these meetings positive feedback is given and negative feedback if necessary. If weaknesses are discover the administrator provides suggestions, resources, and materials for them to improve. The administrators provide themselves as a resource as well. The administrator will model for them what she expects to be done in the classroom from flummox to finish. She will send them to different teachers to observe. Also, a Support Institutes for Teachers (SIT) is implemented at the school to serve as a lifeline for new and assay teachers. Rogers Miles Resource Model, Likerts Supportive Model, and Theory X Saltonstall viewed human relations as the study of people in action. (Razik, & Swanson, 2010, p. 105) Davis explaine d the term by referring to the interaction of people in all types of endeavor- in business, government, social clubs, schools, and homes. (Razik, & Swanson, 2010, p. 105) Although human relationships have existed since the beginning of time, the art and science of trying to hand out with them formally in the work setting is relatively new. (Razik & Swanson, 2010, p. 103) It is important to note the different human relation theories and how they are displayed in schools in order to better understand human relations and communication. Miless human resource model assumes that work is not inherently distasteful and that people want to contribute to a meaningful goal.(Razik & Swanson, 2010, p. 104) At Plymouth high school, this theory is displayed by teachers willingness to go the extra mile for students to achieve the goal of improving test scores. Many teachers say they are not in education to become a millionaire. They teach because they want to make a difference. Sure w e have teachers that shun the current state of education, but for the most part teachers focus on achieving the goal of educating the youth of tomorrow. Likerts collateral model emphasized the more the members of an organization feel supported, the more they will feel a sense of personal worth and importance in all their interactions and relationships with the organization.(Razik & Swanson, 2010, p. 104) The new administrator displays this theory at Plymouth high school. She is very conscious of her efforts of making sure everyone feel valued and supported. She has an open door policy. Teachers can talk to her about their concerns without being afraid of any consequences. She makes sure the teachers concerns are addressed in a timely manner. During staff meetings, she praises teachers for various accomplishments. She has encouraged teachers collaboration. She has even gone as far as allowing teachers to recreate the vision of the school. The new administrator has changed the cu lture of the school. Teachers are now taking ownership in the school and in the process of achieving its goals. The support that was generated from the principal has now improved the interaction of colleagues throughout the building.Theory X assumes that average human being has an inherent dislike of work and will avoid it if he can. (Razik & Swanson, 2010, p. 106) Most people that are like this must be coerced, controlled, directed, and nemesisened with punishment to get them to put forth effort to achieve objectives. At Plymouth high school, we are struggling with test scores in the CTE department. Many of the students do not take the class seriously. The teacher has become complacent, and avoids working hard at all cost. He allows the students to control the classroom. The principal walked in on his class watching a movie that did not have any relation to his CTE course. Administration had no choice to put him on an action plan. The action plan spelled out what it would take in order for him to keep his job. He responded by completing the entire list of task on the action plan.He actually planned meaningful lessons. The students are actually learning. It took the threat of him losing his job to get him to actually begin putting forth maximal effort. In conclusion, a variety of human relations and communication models must be implemented at school sites to have an effective, efficient organization. Modern communications play a large role in the implementation of these theories. Many different modalities of communication must be used.Face to face interactions need to remain interpersonal and motivated. Leadership must carefully meditate the benefits and costs of different conversations in order to communicate more directly and positively. Communication must be backed through careful observation and proactive, frequent feedback. Barriers to effective communication must be broken bring at all costs to the well being of the school site. When these th eories are combined, it is evident that schools are progressing towards new and exciting achievements that will continuously improve education.ReferencesEden, D. (1988). Pygmalion, goal setting, and expectancy Compatible ways to boost productivity. Academy Of prudence Review, 13(4), 639-652. doi10.5465/AMR.1988.4307530 Green, R. L., (2013). Practicing the Art of Leadership A Problem-Based Approach to Implementing the ISLLC Standards, Fourth Ed. capital of Massachusetts MA Pearson Education, Inc. Greenwood, R., & Miller, D. (2010). Tackling design anew Getting back to the pump of organizational theory. Academy Of Management Perspectives, 24(4), 78-88. doi10.5465/AMP.2010.55206386 Harper, A. L. (2010). Social Networking with Edmodo Let your digital footsteps lead the way. Kentucky English Bulletin, 59 (2), 19-21. Lamoureux, E.R. (1996). An experiential approach to teaching communication theories Incorporating contemporary media to clarify theoretical concepts. Razik, T. A. & S wanson, A. D. (2010). Fundamental Concepts of Educational Leadership and Management, Third Ed. Boston, MA Allyn & Bacon. VanDoorn, G. & Eklund, A. (2013). Face to Facebook Social media and the learning and teaching potential of symmetrical, synchronous communication. Journal of University Teaching and Learning Practice, 10 (1), 1-2. Weiner, B. (2000). Intrapersonal and interpersonal theories of motivation from an attributional perspective. Educational Psychology Review, 12(1), 1-14.